Hard Power · Strategic Infrastructure · Water, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure

Water Supply & Treatment

Water supply and treatment covers the abstraction, treatment and distribution of drinking and bulk water, including treatment works, service reservoirs, water towers, boreholes and rural water points.

Developments: 1033300–1300 BC to 22 September 2026
With medium: 15123 very high
Nations: 53
Unverified: 660 verified

Timeline

Every development graded as belonging to this capability, wherever it is kept: very high (about it), high (directly and substantially changes it), medium (a direct, material effect on it). A model gave the grades, reading each entry against the framework. A structured starting point, not a cited record. An entry marked unverified has not been checked against a source; tiers are assigned by a model and are not comparable between nation and capability timelines.

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