Economic Power · Financial Strength · Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance

Public Expenditure & Budget Management

The capacity to plan, execute and account for public spending: credible budgets, controlled execution, procurement capability and the reporting that closes the loop.

Developments: 675110 BC to August 2026
With medium: 927183 very high
Nations: 153
Unverified: 5591 verified

Timeline

Every development graded as belonging to this capability, wherever it is kept: very high (about it), high (directly and substantially changes it), medium (a direct, material effect on it). A model gave the grades, reading each entry against the framework. A structured starting point, not a cited record. An entry marked unverified has not been checked against a source; tiers are assigned by a model and are not comparable between nation and capability timelines.

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