Economic Power · Financial Strength · Sovereign Capital & External Financial Power

Currency Internationalisation & Reserve Status

The capacity to have the nation's currency held, invoiced and settled beyond its borders, the deepest form of financial power because it makes others' transactions run through one's own money.

Developments: 1094th century to June 2026
With medium: 12558 very high
Nations: 36
Unverified: 603 verified

Timeline

Every development graded as belonging to this capability, wherever it is kept: very high (about it), high (directly and substantially changes it), medium (a direct, material effect on it). A model gave the grades, reading each entry against the framework. A structured starting point, not a cited record. An entry marked unverified has not been checked against a source; tiers are assigned by a model and are not comparable between nation and capability timelines.

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